This principle, referred to as the equation of continuity , describes how the speed of a substance changes as it progresses through a channel. Essentially, it asserts that for an uniform liquid, the quantity flow rate remains constant along a direction. Mathematically, this is expressed as A₁V₁ = A

Thomson's Plum Pudding model, while groundbreaking for its time, faced several shortcomings as scientists gained a deeper understanding of atomic structure. One major drawback was its inability to describe the results of Rutherford's gold foil experiment. The model predicted that alpha particles wou